Wall Panel Types: By Material, Finish, Function, Fixing & More

A wall panel is a rigid or semi rigid sheet used to cover, protect, or decorate internal or external wall surfaces. Wall panels provide insulation, moisture resistance, impact protection, and an aesthetic finish depending on the material and installation type.

Wall panels are manufactured interior and exterior surface cladding systems designed to cover, insulate, decorate, or waterproof walls and ceilings. There are 7 primary types of wall panels classified by material, style, function, finish, and installation method. Each type delivers specific performance in terms of moisture resistance, acoustic absorption, fire retardance, or visual texture.

According to the UK Construction Product Association (CPA), wall panels are installed in 61% of new residential interiors for rapid wall finishing and thermal regulation.

Wall panels are manufactured from materials including MDF, PVC, laminate, acrylic, metal, felt, and wood. Installation types include click fit, tongue and groove, adhesive backed, or batten mounted systems. Common finishes include fluted, slatted, tile effect, 3D, brushed metal, or fabric textured acoustic panels. Each material serves a defined context, such as wet rooms, living areas, commercial units, or acoustic environments.

The following sections break down all wall panel types in exact classification by material, use case, and design feature.

What are the Types of Wall Panels by Material?

There are 7 primary wall panel materials used in residential and commercial interiors. Each material defines the panel’s durability, moisture resistance, acoustic value, and aesthetic application.

1. MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard)

MDF panels are made by pressing wood fibres with resin and wax. They offer a smooth finish for painting or veneering. MDF is commonly used for traditional wall panelling, including shaker, beaded, and slatted panels. It is cost effective and suitable for dry interiors.

• Material Composition: Medium density fibreboard, hardwood fibres, resin, wax
• Finish Type: Gloss, satin, wood stained, or raw paintable
• Size Dimensions: 800–1200mm height, customisable widths
• Weight: 6–10kg per linear metre
• Pros: Smooth surface, low cost, easy to paint, modular height
• Cons: Not water resistant, limited height coverage, not suited for modern schemes
• Ideal For: Heritage walls, hallways, dining rooms, classic interiors
• Cost: £8–£25 per m²

2. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

PVC wall panels are made from rigid plastic. They are 100% waterproof, resistant to mould and rot, and ideal for bathrooms, kitchens, and wet rooms. PVC is lightweight and quick to install using adhesive or tongue and groove systems.

• Material Composition: Virgin or recycled polyvinyl chloride
• Finish Type: Glossy, matte, printed textures, marble effect
• Size Dimensions: 2600–3000mm height; 200–400mm width
• Weight: 2–4kg per linear metre
• Pros: Waterproof, lightweight, low maintenance, anti mould
• Cons: Low heat resistance, plastic appearance, not paintable
• Ideal For: Bathrooms, kitchens, utility areas, wet zones
• Cost: £6–£18 per m²

3. Laminate Wall Panels

Laminate panels consist of a printed decorative layer bonded to a fibreboard or waterproof substrate. They are heat and scratch resistant, offering realistic stone, tile, or wood effects. Laminate is widely used in high traffic commercial areas and domestic bathrooms.

• Material Composition: Decorative paper, melamine resin overlay, HDF or MDF core
• Finish Type: Matte, high gloss, textured, woodgrain, stone effect
• Size Dimensions: 1220 × 2440mm; 6–18mm thickness
• Weight: 7–11kg per m²
• Pros: Scratch resistant, easy to clean, decorative variety, quick installation
• Cons: Not waterproof, edge delamination risk, fixed patterns
• Ideal For: Living rooms, wardrobes, commercial reception walls
• Cost: £15–£40 per m²

4. Acrylic Wall Panels

Acrylic panels are thermoplastic sheets offering a glossy, glass like finish. Acrylic is hygienic, easy to clean, and completely impermeable to water, making it suitable for shower walls and kitchen splashbacks. Panels are available in solid colours or digital prints.

• Material Composition: Cast or extruded acrylic (PMMA), optional aluminium backing
• Finish Type: High gloss, matte, solid colour, translucent
• Size Dimensions: 2440 × 1220mm; 4–6mm thickness standard
• Weight: 6–9kg per m²
• Pros: Waterproof, hygienic, seamless joints, mirror finish
• Cons: Prone to scratches, costly, UV discolouration over time
• Ideal For: Bathroom walls, splashbacks, shower enclosures, kitchen partitions
• Cost: £30–£90 per m²

5. Wood (Solid and Veneered)

Wood panels include solid hardwood, softwood, or veneered boards. Wood adds warmth and texture and is often used in traditional, rustic, or biophilic interiors. Panels may be lacquered, stained, or left raw depending on the design intent.

• Material Composition: Solid timber (oak, walnut, pine) or real wood veneer over MDF/HDF
• Finish Type: Natural oiled, lacquered, stained, hand scraped, brushed
• Size Dimensions: 600–2400mm length; variable widths; thickness 10–20mm
• Weight: 10–20kg per m² depending on species and core
• Pros: Premium appearance, durable, acoustically absorptive, long lasting grain
• Cons: Sensitive to humidity, costly, requires maintenance
• Ideal For: Reception walls, living rooms, hospitality fit outs, luxury interiors
• Cost: £45–£150 per m²

6. Stone Resin Composite

Stone resin composite panels are made from crushed stone bound with resin. These are durable, waterproof, and suitable for shower enclosures and wet rooms. They mimic the feel of natural stone without the weight or cost.

• Material Composition: Crushed stone (e.g. marble, quartz), polyester or acrylic resin binder
• Finish Type: Matte, semi gloss, stone textured, seamless
• Size Dimensions: 2400 × 1200mm; 5–10mm thickness
• Weight: 10–15kg per m²
• Pros: Seamless finish, high durability, water resistant, low maintenance
• Cons: Brittle under point loads, limited flex, requires skilled installation
• Ideal For: Shower walls, commercial washrooms, spa walls, lift cores
• Cost: £40–£95 per m²

7. PET Felt and Acoustic Foam

Acoustic wall panels are constructed from recycled PET polyester, open cell foam, or fabric wrapped fibreglass. These materials are selected for sound absorption, thermal insulation, and fire safety. Used in workplaces, home cinemas, and meeting rooms.

• Material Composition: Recycled PET felt, open cell polyurethane foam, fibreglass core with fabric overlay
• Finish Type: Fabric wrapped (polyester, wool, or velvet), felted, CNC cut designs
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 600mm to 1200 × 2400mm; thickness 9–25mm
• Weight: 3–8kg per panel depending on density and layering
• Pros: NRC rated sound absorption, thermally insulative, lightweight, custom colours
• Cons: Not waterproof, limited structural use, dust retention
• Ideal For: Offices, auditoriums, cinemas, home studios, conference rooms
• Cost: £25–£70 per m²

What are the Types of Wall Panels by Style or Design?

There are 8 main wall panel styles used in both residential and commercial interiors. Each design style defines the visual rhythm, depth, and functional behaviour of the wall surface. The style is chosen based on layout geometry, interior era, light interaction, and acoustic needs.

1. Shaker Wall Panels

Shaker panels feature symmetrical recessed rectangles framed within a grid layout. This style originates from 18th century English joinery and remains one of the most recognisable wall panelling types.

Made from MDF or timber, shaker panels are used in hallways, dressing rooms, and period homes to create a clean and structured aesthetic.

• Material Composition: MDF or HDF boards, optional hardwood capping
• Finish Type: Matte, satin, painted (typically muted tones), woodgrain finish
• Size Dimensions: 800–1200mm height; panel spacing variable; frame depth 12–18mm
• Weight: 6–10kg per linear metre (material dependent)
• Pros: Heritage aesthetics, easy to install, modular repetition, paint ready
• Cons: Not suited for contemporary interiors, limited height application
• Ideal For: Hallways, stairwells, dining rooms, period property renovations
• Cost: £15–£40 per m²

2. Tongue and Groove Wall Panels

Tongue and groove panels interlock using machined edge profiles that create a continuous vertical or horizontal pattern. This style supports a traditional, nautical, or Scandinavian look.

Common in bathrooms, kitchens, and utility spaces, these panels offer visual rhythm and provide additional sealing against moisture when correctly fitted.

• Material Composition: Solid wood, MDF, or WPC depending on application
• Finish Type: Painted, oiled, lacquered, or pre primed for custom finishing
• Size Dimensions: 100–200mm width per board; lengths from 2400–3600mm
• Weight: 7–14kg per m² depending on material type and thickness
• Pros: Seamless fit, traditional detailing, strong joint integrity, vertical or horizontal use
• Cons: Requires precise installation, prone to expansion if unsealed
• Ideal For: Bedrooms, loft conversions, country style kitchens, cloakrooms
• Cost: £18–£55 per m²

3. Slatted Wall Panels

Slatted panels use evenly spaced battens mounted to a solid backboard. Available in veneered MDF, timber, or acoustic PET felt, this style delivers both texture and sound control.

Slatted designs are common in open plan areas, offices, and living rooms, often serving as media walls or zoning features.

• Material Composition: Solid oak, walnut, pine, or veneered MDF on acoustic felt or MDF base
• Finish Type: Natural, stained, lacquered, or black oiled
• Size Dimensions: 2400 × 600mm panels; slats 25–40mm width, 12–20mm depth
• Weight: 10–16kg per m² depending on substrate and wood species
• Pros: Acoustic control, modern linear texture, modular installation, wall to ceiling use
• Cons: Expensive, requires precise alignment, dust between slats
• Ideal For: Living rooms, media walls, ceilings, reception areas, boardrooms
• Cost: £45–£120 per m²

4. Wainscoting Panels

Wainscoting refers to panelling applied to the lower third of a wall, capped with a dado rail. Styles include flat, beaded, or raised panel designs, often painted to contrast with the upper wall.

Wainscoting is frequently used in hallways, staircases, and heritage interiors for both decorative and protective purposes.

• Material Composition: MDF, solid wood, PVC, or HDF depending on budget and moisture conditions
• Finish Type: Painted, satin, gloss, or wood stained
• Size Dimensions: 900–1200mm height; widths vary based on panel type and layout
• Weight: 6–12kg per linear metre depending on core and capping
• Pros: Wall impact protection, thermal insulation, traditional styling, easy to repaint
• Cons: Limited vertical coverage, incompatible with minimalism, visual segmentation
• Ideal For: Hallways, staircases, period properties, dining rooms, Victorian restorations
• Cost: £15–£50 per m²

5. 3D Decorative Wall Panels

3D wall panels feature raised surface patterns such as waves, tessellations, or fluted ridges. These panels are made from PU foam, MDF, or gypsum and are often used on feature walls, reception areas, or retail interiors where light and shadow play enhance spatial depth.

• Material Composition: PVC, gypsum, MDF, bamboo fibre, or plant based composites
• Finish Type: Raw paintable, pre finished, metallic, textured matte
• Size Dimensions: 500 × 500mm to 600 × 2400mm; thickness 15–35mm
• Weight: 4–10kg per panel depending on material density
• Pros: High visual impact, shadow relief, modular installation, surface repainting
• Cons: Dust prone, may require adhesive based fixing, not load bearing
• Ideal For: Feature walls, hotel lobbies, TV units, modern office backdrops
• Cost: £20–£65 per m²

6. Board and Batten Panels

Board and batten panels consist of wide vertical boards intersected by narrow battens to create strong vertical lines. This design was historically used in barn construction, but now appears in modern rustic, transitional, and cottage interiors. It adds dimension to entryways, bedrooms, and exterior facades when weather treated.

• Material Composition: MDF, plywood, solid timber, or HDF with optional hardwood battens
• Finish Type: Matte paint, stain, raw primed, or textured coatings
• Size Dimensions: Panels 100–200mm wide; battens 30–50mm; height 900–2400mm
• Weight: 7–14kg per m² depending on material and spacing
• Pros: Visual structure, customisable spacing, vertical room elongation effect
• Cons: Labour intensive, wall levelling required, less suited to small spaces
• Ideal For: Entryways, tall corridors, farmhouse style interiors, stairwell feature walls
• Cost: £18–£55 per m²

7. Chevron and Herringbone Panels

Chevron and herringbone panels use diagonally cut planks or slats to create zigzag or V-shaped layouts. These styles provide directional movement and are often used on bedroom feature walls, fireplace surrounds, and dining areas. Materials include wood veneer, laminate, or acoustic cladding.

• Material Composition: Engineered wood, solid timber, or veneered MDF on plywood or batten base
• Finish Type: Stained oak, brushed walnut, painted ash, smoked finishes
• Size Dimensions: Plank widths 60–120mm; lengths 400–800mm; thickness 10–15mm
• Weight: 10–18kg per m² depending on core and species
• Pros: Dynamic patterning, heritage appeal, depth illusion, high design value
• Cons: Precision cutting required, higher installation time, waste generation
• Ideal For: Hotel lobbies, living room features, commercial interiors, boutique retail walls
• Cost: £40–£110 per m²

8. Mural and Printed Wall Panels

Printed panels feature high resolution imagery, abstract motifs, or branding graphics printed onto acrylic, laminate, or PVC surfaces. Common in retail environments, hospitality spaces, and children’s rooms, mural panels are used to create immersive or branded visual experiences without paint or wallpaper.

• Material Composition: PVC, HDF, MDF, acrylic, or aluminium composite with printed vinyl or UV cured overlay
• Finish Type: Matte, satin, gloss, laminated, anti glare coatings
• Size Dimensions: 1200 × 2400mm standard; custom full wall panels available
• Weight: 6–12kg per m² depending on core and surface treatment
• Pros: Visual customisation, seamless full wall application, durable prints
• Cons: Fixed design, image distortion on uneven walls, limited reuse
• Ideal For: Retail branding walls, hospitality features, children’s rooms, office environments
• Cost: £30–£85 per m²

What Are the Types of Wall Panels by Function?

There are 6 types of wall panels by function, each defined by its core material behaviour and performance specification. Functional wall panels are categorised by their waterproofing, thermal resistance, acoustic absorption, hygiene, impact resistance, and decorative coverage properties.

1. Waterproof Wall Panels

Waterproof panels prevent moisture penetration in wet zones. PVC, acrylic, and stone resin are the most used waterproof materials in bathrooms, shower enclosures, and wet rooms.

According to 2023 testing by the UK Building Research Establishment, extruded PVC panels resisted surface water ingress for over 96 hours without swelling or detachment. Waterproof panels must be non porous and joined with sealed systems to maintain integrity.

• Material Composition: PVC, WPC, acrylic, stone resin, or high pressure laminate with sealed core
• Finish Type: Glossy, matte, tile effect, marble print, or seamless solid colour
• Size Dimensions: 2400–3000mm height; 600–1200mm width; 4–10mm thickness
• Weight: 5–10kg per m² depending on substrate density
• Pros: 100% water resistant, low maintenance, mould proof, grout free joints
• Cons: Limited customisation, some types prone to thermal expansion
• Ideal For: Bathrooms, wetrooms, laundries, commercial washrooms, kitchens
• Cost: £18–£60 per m²

2. Acoustic Wall Panels

Acoustic panels absorb or diffuse sound energy. They are made from PET felt, open cell foam, mineral wool, or timber slats backed with acoustic fleece. Data from the Institute of Acoustics shows that PET panels with ≥9mm thickness achieve NRC values of 0.75–0.95 in 50m² rooms.

Acoustic panels are used in open plan offices, schools, music studios, and conference rooms to reduce reverberation.

• Material Composition: Recycled PET felt, fibreglass core, acoustic foam, or MDF with perforation
• Finish Type: Fabric wrapped (polyester, velvet), felted, perforated laminate
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 600mm to 1200 × 2400mm; thickness 9–50mm
• Weight: 4–10kg per panel depending on core and covering
• Pros: High NRC ratings, customisable shapes, fire rated, thermally insulative
• Cons: Not waterproof, non load bearing, dust accumulation possible
• Ideal For: Theatres, boardrooms, classrooms, studios, open plan offices
• Cost: £25–£90 per m²

3. Thermal Insulating Wall Panels

Thermal wall panels reduce heat transfer across internal partitions. These use insulating cores such as polyurethane (PU), expanded polystyrene (EPS), or cork. Insulated panels can reduce U-values to below 0.25 W/m²K, suitable for energy efficient residential retrofits.

Composite thermal panels are common in attic conversions, cold walls, and modular construction units.

• Material Composition: PU (polyurethane), XPS (extruded polystyrene), mineral wool, or PIR core with MDF, gypsum, or aluminium composite facing
• Finish Type: Laminate faced, foil coated, rendered, or pre painted surfaces
• Size Dimensions: 2400 × 1200mm; thickness 20–100mm depending on insulation rating
• Weight: 8–20kg per panel depending on core and cladding density
• Pros: Reduces U-values, moisture control, air barrier integration, thermal bridging prevention
• Cons: Higher upfront cost, fixed dimensions, complex edge sealing
• Ideal For: Basements, loft conversions, exterior walls, modular constructions
• Cost: £35–£95 per m²

4. Hygienic Wall Panels

Hygienic panels create cleanable, bacteria resistant surfaces. Materials include smooth PVC, glass reinforced plastic (GRP), and acrylic. Used in hospitals, food processing areas, and clinics, these panels resist microbial growth under ISO 846 standards.

A 2022 study from the University of Leeds found that PVC wall cladding with welded seams reduced bacterial colonisation by 98.4% compared to painted walls.

• Material Composition: uPVC, GRP (glass reinforced plastic), or solid acrylic with antibacterial coatings
• Finish Type: Gloss, satin, matt, anti microbial film laminate
• Size Dimensions: 2400–3000mm height; 1000–1500mm width; 2–10mm thickness
• Weight: 3–9kg per m² depending on substrate type
• Pros: Chemical resistant, steam cleanable, Class 0 fire rating, seamless jointing
• Cons: Clinical appearance, rigid format, limited aesthetic variation
• Ideal For: Commercial kitchens, cleanrooms, hospitals, laboratories, food prep zones
• Cost: £30–£85 per m²

5. Impact Resistant Wall Panels

Impact resistant panels withstand high pressure surface contact without cracking or denting. Common in schools, airports, gyms, and public corridors, these panels are made from high pressure laminate (HPL), GRP, or compact grade MDF. BS EN 438 2:2016 tests show that HPL panels maintain surface integrity after 10 joule impacts. Some are reinforced with resin coatings for durability in high traffic zones.

• Material Composition: HDF, fibre cement board, reinforced PVC, or steel faced panels with polymer coatings
• Finish Type: Scratch resistant laminate, powder coated metal, textured PVC, or high impact film
• Size Dimensions: 1200 × 2400mm standard; thickness 6–20mm
• Weight: 10–25kg per panel depending on core material
• Pros: Shock absorption, dent resistance, easy to clean, fire rated variants available
• Cons: Limited design flexibility, harder to cut, premium cost
• Ideal For: School corridors, hospital wards, warehouse interiors, public buildings
• Cost: £35–£100 per m²

6. Decorative Wall Panels

Decorative panels enhance visual appearance without functional loads. These include MDF, timber, and 3D gypsum panels shaped into slatted, geometric, or moulded forms. They are used in lounges, bedrooms, foyers, and reception areas.

While not designed for moisture or sound control, their texture and pattern variation alter room acoustics and reflectance behaviour.

• Material Composition: MDF, PVC, WPC, gypsum, PET felt, or resin based composites
• Finish Type: Embossed, carved, printed, veneered, lacquered, or 3D textured
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 600mm to 1200 × 2400mm; thickness 6–30mm
• Weight: 4–12kg per panel depending on core and finish
• Pros: Wide design range, lightweight, customisable, easy to retrofit
• Cons: Not load bearing, some variants not moisture resistant, may fade with UV exposure
• Ideal For: Living rooms, TV backdrops, restaurants, feature zones, boutique interiors
• Cost: £20–£90 per m²

What are the Types of Wall Panels by Application or Room?

There are 6 primary wall panel applications by room type, determined by moisture levels, hygiene requirements, acoustic demands, temperature variance, and surface durability. Each panel type must match the room’s performance zone.

1. Bathroom Wall Panels

Bathroom wall panels are waterproof and mould resistant. The most common materials are PVC, acrylic, laminate, and stone resin. These panels are used around bathtubs, in shower enclosures, and on full height walls. A 2023 BRE report confirmed PVC panels maintained integrity under 90% RH for 120 hours. Installation systems include tongue and groove or bonded adhesive.

• Material Composition: PVC, acrylic, WPC, stone resin, or laminate with waterproof core
• Finish Type: High gloss, matte, tile effect, marble look, or seamless solid colours
• Size Dimensions: 2400–3000mm height; 600–1200mm width; thickness 4–10mm
• Weight: 5–10kg per m² depending on substrate and coating
• Pros: 100% waterproof, grout free, easy to install, low maintenance, anti fungal
• Cons: Limited textural depth, thermal expansion in low cost types
• Ideal For: Showers, bath surrounds, en suites, wetrooms, cloakroom walls
• Cost: £18–£65 per m²

2. Kitchen Wall Panels

Kitchen wall panels resist heat, grease, and water. Acrylic, glass, and high pressure laminate are used for splashbacks and cooking zones. These surfaces are hygienic, non porous, and easy to wipe clean. Kitchen panels often use a fire rated substrate such as fibre cement or FR MDF, certified to Euroclass B or better.

• Material Composition: Acrylic, laminate, glass, PVC, or aluminium composite
• Finish Type: Gloss, matte, printed, stone effect, or brushed metallic
• Size Dimensions: 600–900mm height; 2400–3000mm length; thickness 4–10mm
• Weight: 4–12kg per m² depending on substrate
• Pros: Water resistant, easy to wipe, heat tolerant, quick to install, grout free
• Cons: Some finishes prone to scratching, edge sealing required near heat zones
• Ideal For: Splashbacks, cooker surrounds, sink walls, modular kitchen designs
• Cost: £20–£75 per m²

3. Living Room Wall Panels

Living room wall panels are decorative and acoustic. MDF, timber veneer, slatted acoustic PET, and 3D gypsum are used to create feature walls or reduce echo. According to Arup Acoustics, slatted timber panels backed with felt improve speech clarity by 35% in 30m² rooms. Panels also enhance light diffusion and wall depth.

• Material Composition: MDF, WPC, PET felt, solid wood, veneer, gypsum, or 3D PVC
• Finish Type: Woodgrain, painted, fabric wrapped, slatted, embossed, or mural printed
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 600mm to 2400 × 1200mm; thickness 6–30mm
• Weight: 6–14kg per m² depending on material and surface treatment
• Pros: Enhances interior mood, hides cabling, improves acoustics, wide style range
• Cons: Non structural, dust retention in slatted or textured designs
• Ideal For: TV walls, fireplace surrounds, accent walls, ceiling continuations
• Cost: £20–£95 per m²

4. Bedroom Wall Panels

Bedroom wall panels are used for aesthetics and thermal comfort. Common materials include upholstered boards, cork composite, MDF, and acoustic PET felt. Panels behind beds or wardrobes reduce thermal bridging on external walls.

In double occupancy rooms, slatted acoustic designs help reduce sleep disturbances caused by airborne sound.

• Material Composition: MDF, PET felt, acoustic foam, upholstered boards, veneer, or WPC
• Finish Type: Fabric wrapped, padded, painted, woodgrain, slatted, or matte laminate
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 600mm to 1200 × 2400mm; thickness 10–40mm
• Weight: 5–12kg per m² depending on core density and layering
• Pros: Sound absorption, thermal insulation, soft touch, modular installation
• Cons: Not moisture proof, limited cleaning options for fabric finishes
• Ideal For: Headboard walls, bed surrounds, reading nooks, acoustic accent areas
• Cost: £25–£85 per m²

5. Hallway and Staircase Wall Panels

Hallway panels resist impact and increase wall durability. Board and batten, shaker MDF, or HPL clad panels are applied to lower wall sections. These protect against scuffing and bag abrasion in narrow spaces.

Many use wainscot heights (800–1200mm) for both aesthetic framing and structural shielding.

• Material Composition: MDF, HDF, timber, PVC, or WPC depending on usage and style
• Finish Type: Painted, satin, gloss, wood stained, or slatted profiles
• Size Dimensions: 800–1200mm height for wainscoting; full height for vertical slats
• Weight: 6–14kg per linear metre depending on thickness and core material
• Pros: Surface protection, modularity, traditional detailing, easy to repaint
• Cons: Limited light reflection if dark coloured, not suitable for minimal schemes
• Ideal For: Entryways, stairwells, landings, corridors in period or modern homes
• Cost: £15–£55 per m²

6. Commercial Wall Panels

Commercial panels meet fire, hygiene, and wear standards. Materials include GRP, HPL, stainless steel, and antimicrobial PVC. These are used in healthcare, foodservice, retail, and education. GRP sheets meet Class 0 fire resistance and ISO 22196 hygiene certification.

Edge joints must meet infection control regulations in hospitals and kitchens.

• Material Composition: HPL (high pressure laminate), aluminium composite, uPVC, GRP, acoustic felt, or gypsum backed laminate
• Finish Type: Anti bacterial laminate, fire rated veneer, printed branding, impact resistant coatings
• Size Dimensions: 1200 × 2400mm standard; custom lengths; thickness 6–25mm
• Weight: 8–18kg per m² depending on core, coating, and fixing system
• Pros: Fire rated, durable, low maintenance, printable, modular fit outs
• Cons: Higher cost per unit, longer lead times for custom finishes
• Ideal For: Office corridors, hotel lobbies, medical interiors, retail fit outs, transport hubs
• Cost: £35–£110 per m²

What are the Types of Wall Panels by Finish or Surface Texture?

There are 7 surface finish types used on wall panels, defined by their texture, light reflectance, cleanability, and material coating. The finish affects visual depth, dirt resistance, room brightness, and maintenance cycles.

1. Matt Wall Panels

Matt panels diffuse light evenly with a flat, non reflective finish. These are used in bedrooms, lounges, and heritage interiors to minimise glare. Common materials include painted MDF, lacquered timber veneer, and stone texture laminate.

Panels rated below 10 GU (gloss units) under ISO 2813 are classed as matt finish.

• Material Composition: MDF, WPC, laminate, PVC, acrylic, or composite board
• Finish Type: Ultra matt, textured matt, anti fingerprint coating, painted matt veneer
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 1200mm to 2400 × 1200mm; thickness 6–18mm
• Weight: 5–12kg per m² depending on material and substrate
• Pros: Non reflective, modern appearance, surface concealment, anti smudge variants
• Cons: Limited light reflection, lower stain resistance than gloss, muted colours
• Ideal For: Living rooms, bedrooms, offices, kitchens with low sheen schemes
• Cost: £18–£70 per m²

2. Gloss Wall Panels

Gloss panels reflect light at high intensity to increase perceived brightness. Suitable for bathrooms, kitchens, and feature walls, these panels are made from acrylic, glass laminate, or polished PVC.

High gloss finishes typically exceed 70 GU reflectivity. Studies by the Lighting Research Centre show gloss finishes can boost room illumination by 18%.

• Material Composition: Acrylic, PVC, laminate, MDF, or aluminium composite
• Finish Type: High gloss, mirror gloss, UV coated, or lacquered
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 2400mm standard; 4–10mm thickness
• Weight: 4–10kg per m² depending on substrate
• Pros: Light enhancing, easy to clean, smooth finish, contemporary appeal
• Cons: Shows scratches and fingerprints, glare prone, requires flat substrates
• Ideal For: Bathrooms, kitchens, wardrobes, reception areas, lift lobbies
• Cost: £22–£80 per m²

3. Textured Wall Panels

Textured panels simulate natural materials or carved forms for tactile effect. These include woodgrain embossing, concrete reliefs, wave patterns, or stone textures. Materials include 3D MDF, PU foam, and gypsum.

Textured panels are used on living room feature walls, retail zones, and boutique hospitality spaces.

• Material Composition: MDF, PVC, WPC, gypsum, PET felt, or resin based composites
• Finish Type: Embossed woodgrain, fluted, grooved, geometric 3D, or sculpted patterns
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 1200mm to 2400 × 1200mm; thickness 10–35mm
• Weight: 6–14kg per m² depending on relief depth and material density
• Pros: High visual impact, tactile variety, shadow play, material mimicry
• Cons: Dust retention, harder to clean, may require feature lighting to maximise effect
• Ideal For: Feature walls, hospitality interiors, retail displays, media walls
• Cost: £25–£90 per m²

4. Brushed or Satin Finish Panels

Satin panels offer low sheen, smooth textures between matt and gloss. Brushed finishes are common on aluminium composite panels, timber veneers, and stainless steel. These are often used in high touch public zones due to their fingerprint masking properties. Satin finishes typically measure 30–50 GU.

• Material Composition: Aluminium, MDF, laminate, stainless steel, or WPC composite
• Finish Type: Brushed metal, satin lacquered, satin matte laminate, or micro textured coating
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 2400mm; 4–12mm thickness
• Weight: 5–11kg per m² depending on material and coating layer
• Pros: Low glare, scratch resistant, smudge hiding, refined texture
• Cons: Less reflective than gloss, more expensive than matt, limited colour vibrancy
• Ideal For: Kitchens, hallways, hotel corridors, lifts, contemporary offices
• Cost: £24–£85 per m²

5. Embossed or Moulded Panels

Embossed panels use raised geometric or sculpted motifs for decorative effect. These panels are made from MDF, thermoplastic, or gypsum and are used in reception areas, hotel lobbies, and residential dining spaces.

Patterns include hexagonal, fluted, chevron, or organic curves. Panels may be painted or left raw for acoustic dampening.

• Material Composition: PVC, gypsum, MDF, WPC, polyurethane, or thermoformed composites
• Finish Type: Raw paintable, metallic foil, woodgrain stamped, or stone effect textured
• Size Dimensions: 500 × 500mm to 2400 × 1200mm; relief depth 8–30mm
• Weight: 4–12kg per m² depending on core and mould thickness
• Pros: Uniform 3D patterns, lightweight, fast installation, shadowed depth
• Cons: Dust accumulation in relief, fixed pattern limits customisation, surface repainting may be required
• Ideal For: Feature walls, reception backdrops, boutique interiors, residential elevations
• Cost: £20–£75 per m²

6. Printed or Patterned Panels

Printed panels feature graphic visuals, murals, or branding using UV or dye sublimation techniques. These are applied to acrylic, HPL, PVC, or PET G substrates.

Used in commercial interiors, children’s rooms, and point of sale displays, printed panels offer customisation without structural modification.

• Material Composition: PVC, MDF, HPL laminate, acrylic, or aluminium composite
• Finish Type: UV printed, inkjet, thermal transfer, laminate coated, or digitally wrapped
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 1200mm to 1220 × 2440mm; thickness 4–12mm
• Weight: 5–10kg per m² depending on core and surface coating
• Pros: Unlimited design options, easy branding, photo realistic finishes, quick visual transformation
• Cons: Surface is prone to scratching, limited textural depth, design is fixed
• Ideal For: Retail interiors, branded zones, feature walls, hospitality schemes, children’s rooms
• Cost: £25–£85 per m²

7. Natural Veneer Panels

Veneer panels use real wood or stone sheets bonded to a core board. These finishes offer natural grain patterns and high material authenticity. Common veneers include oak, walnut, birch, slate, and travertine. Used in executive offices, residential interiors, and hospitality zones, they require regular sealing to maintain finish.

• Material Composition: Real wood veneer (oak, walnut, ash, teak) bonded to MDF, HDF, or plywood core
• Finish Type: Oiled, lacquered, stained, smoked, or hand finished matte coatings
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 2400mm standard; veneer thickness 0.5–2mm; total panel thickness 6–18mm
• Weight: 7–14kg per m² depending on core and veneer species
• Pros: Natural texture, high end visual, consistent grain matching, lower wood consumption
• Cons: Sensitive to humidity, requires sealing, limited water resistance
• Ideal For: Boardrooms, hotel interiors, home libraries, feature walls in luxury residences
• Cost: £40–£120 per m²

What are the Types of Wall Panels by Installation Method?

There are 6 types of wall panels classified by installation method, each defined by its joint configuration, backing system, adhesive requirements, and fixing hardware. The method determines speed, water resistance, substrate compatibility, and long term stability.

1. Adhesive Fixed Wall Panels

Adhesive fixed panels bond directly to flat wall surfaces using grab adhesives or polyurethane glue. This method is used for PVC, laminate, and acrylic panels in dry or wet zones. Adhesives must support the panel weight and thermal expansion.

BBA testing (2023) found solvent free hybrid adhesives can bond PVC to painted plaster at 180 kg/m² pull strength.

• Material Composition: PVC, MDF, WPC, PET felt, laminate, or acrylic
• Finish Type: Gloss, matte, woodgrain, printed, or textured
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 2400mm; 4–12mm thickness
• Weight: 3–9kg per m² depending on panel density
• Pros: No visible screws, faster application, reduced surface drilling, smooth finish
• Cons: Requires flat substrate, permanent bond limits reusability, not suited for heavy panels
• Ideal For: Bathrooms, feature walls, living rooms, offices, utility areas
• Cost: £15–£50 per m²

2. Tongue and Groove Wall Panels

Tongue and groove panels interlock with male–female joints, forming a continuous sealed surface. This method applies to PVC, MDF, or wood veneer systems. It allows fast alignment, concealed fixings, and superior moisture resistance.

Panels are fixed using either nails, staples, or adhesive onto battens or solid walls.

• Material Composition: Solid wood, MDF, WPC, or composite laminate boards
• Finish Type: Painted, stained, lacquered, pre primed, or raw timber
• Size Dimensions: 100–200mm width; 2400–3600mm length; 9–20mm thickness
• Weight: 6–14kg per m² depending on core density and finish
• Pros: Seamless joints, vertical/horizontal fit, expansion resistance, minimal surface prep
• Cons: Slower to install, precision required, unsuitable for curved surfaces
• Ideal For: Bedrooms, kitchens, utility rooms, cloakrooms, traditional or modern walls
• Cost: £18–£60 per m²

3. Screw Fixed Wall Panels

Screw fixed panels are attached using visible or countersunk screws. GRP, cement board, aluminium composite, and fire rated laminate panels use this method in commercial or high load settings. Fixings require wall plugs or concealed framing.

According to Knauf technical documentation, 6.5mm cement boards need a minimum of 25 mm corrosion resistant screws at 200 mm centres.

• Material Composition: MDF, HDF, WPC, fibre cement, aluminium composite, or acoustic boards
• Finish Type: Painted, woodgrain, laminated, perforated, or pre finished surfaces
• Size Dimensions: 1200 × 2400mm standard; thickness 9–25mm
• Weight: 8–22kg per panel depending on core and coating
• Pros: High load capacity, adjustable fit, strong anchoring, removable for access
• Cons: Requires drilling, longer installation time, visible fixings unless concealed caps used
• Ideal For: Garages, commercial interiors, fire rated zones, service panels
• Cost: £20–£85 per m²

4. Batten Mounted Wall Panels

Batten mounted panels are fixed to vertical or horizontal timber or metal supports. This is standard for slatted panels, acoustic boards, or uneven walls. Panels can be nailed, clipped, or screwed to battens.

Cavity space behind allows airflow, insulation, or cable routing. Spacing typically ranges from 300–600 mm based on panel weight.

• Material Composition: MDF, WPC, solid wood, acoustic felt, fibre cement, or composite systems
• Finish Type: Slatted, veneered, painted, perforated, or 3D textured
• Size Dimensions: Panels: 600 × 2400mm; Battens: 25–50mm depth; thickness: 12–30mm total
• Weight: 10–24kg per m² including batten structure
• Pros: Ideal for cable concealment, acoustic voids, surface levelling, and reversible installation
• Cons: Increases wall depth, requires frame precision, longer install time
• Ideal For: Slatted feature walls, home cinemas, commercial fit outs, acoustic cladding
• Cost: £30–£95 per m² including batten structure

5. Click Lock Wall Panels

Click lock panels use mechanical jointing to snap into place without adhesives. Used in modular PVC and laminate systems, the interlock ensures seamless joints and quick tool free installation.

These panels are ideal for DIY fit outs and bathroom cladding. They require a flat surface and precise alignment to maintain waterproofing.

• Material Composition: WPC, laminate, PVC, MDF with tongue and groove click mechanism
• Finish Type: Woodgrain, matte, gloss, stone effect, textured laminate
• Size Dimensions: 200–300mm width; 1200–2400mm length; 8–12mm thickness
• Weight: 5–10kg per m² depending on core and coating
• Pros: Tool free installation, no visible fixings, repositionable, clean edge finish
• Cons: Substrate must be level, less suitable for high impact areas, expansion gaps required
• Ideal For: Residential walls, temporary displays, rented spaces, modular interiors
• Cost: £22–£65 per m²

6. Magnetic and Hook On Wall Panels

Magnetic and hook on panels offer removable, concealed fixing systems for inspection and maintenance access. Common in commercial interiors, these panels use steel plates, magnets, or hook rails to allow tool free repositioning. They are used in lift lobbies, plant rooms, and MEP zones where access to wall services is essential.

• Material Composition: Powder coated steel, aluminium composite, PET felt, or MDF with embedded magnets or hook profiles
• Finish Type: Matte, brushed metal, fabric wrapped, printed laminate, or perforated
• Size Dimensions: 600 × 600mm to 1200 × 2400mm; thickness 12–25mm
• Weight: 6–16kg per panel depending on substrate and fixing system
• Pros: Easily removable, zero surface damage, fast access to M&E services, modular flexibility
• Cons: Higher initial cost, not ideal for impact zones, limited mechanical load tolerance
• Ideal For: Lift lobbies, access panels, AV walls, service corridors, adaptive office zones
• Cost: £35–£110 per m²

How to Choose the Right Wall Panel Type

The correct wall panel type is selected by matching material, performance rating, fixing system, and surface finish to the room’s exposure level, functional need, substrate condition, and visual intent.

This selection framework includes four structured parameters:

1. Define the Environmental Exposure

• Wet zones such as bathrooms and utility areas require stone resin composite, waterproof PVC, or laminated panels with sealed edges and water absorption ≤0.5%.
• Dry zones including bedrooms and lounges are compatible with MDF, PET felt, or natural wood veneer panels with low moisture sensitivity and balanced dimensional stability.
• Heat prone zones like kitchens benefit from fire rated acrylic or compact laminate panels stable to ≥120°C and certified to EN 13501 1.

2. Match the Functional Requirement

• Acoustic regulation: Use slatted PET panels, foam backed composites, or fibreglass core felt panels with ≥0.65 NRC for echo reduction.
• Impact resistance: Use solid wood, HPL, or stone resin boards ≥8mm in thickness with Shore D hardness >60.
• Thermal insulation: Apply hollow core panels, closed cell foam backed laminates, or multilayer fibreboard composites with λ values <0.038 W/m·K.
• Hygiene compliance: Install sealed antibacterial PVC, acrylic, or hygienic cladding panels certified for food safe and clinical use (EN ISO 22196).

3. Assess the Installation Method

• Adhesive or click lock panels are optimal for temporary or DIY installation on flat substrates.
• Screw mounted, batten fixed, or hook on systems support permanent installation or load bearing applications.
• Uneven or imperfect walls require battens with adjustable shims or panels with integrated levelling substrates.

4. Align with Aesthetic Design Intent

• Traditional interiors: Use shaker, beaded, or wainscoting panels in satin painted MDF or woodgrain veneer.
• Modern or mid century spaces: Apply vertical slatted PET felt, herringbone, or fluted veneer panels.
• Decorative feature walls: Use 3D moulded, embossed, mural printed, or LED backlit decorative surfaces.

Wall panel selection depends on the interplay between exposure risk, performance rating, installation feasibility, and aesthetic integration. Choosing panels based on these four defined parameters ensures alignment with regulatory standards, installation accuracy, surface longevity, and visual cohesion.

All panel types must meet EN classified technical benchmarks before specification.

Find the Right Wall Panel Type for Your Space from Walls and Floors

From sound absorbing slatted panels to waterproof designs for bathrooms and kitchens, the Walls and Floors wall panel collection covers every style, surface, and specification.

Choose from authentic wood effects, modern acoustic finishes, and easy fit formats in full or lite sizes.

Browse the full Trepanel® range online, select your preferred finish, and order a free sample to visualise the texture, tone, and quality in your space before installation.

Summing Up,

Wall panels deliver targeted performance through material, style, function, and fixing precision. MDF suits dry interiors; acrylic and laminate offer water resistance; acoustic PET felt absorbs sound; stone resin adds durability. Designs range from shaker and slatted to 3D and printed formats, available in gloss, matt, and natural finishes.

Panels serve bathrooms, kitchens, bedrooms, and commercial spaces, fixed via adhesive, batten, click lock, or magnetic systems. Choosing the right type requires matching room conditions, aesthetic needs, and installation method. Wall panels are engineered solutions—not just decorative features.